Sunday, January 27, 2019

The Best Books of 2018

In the order which I read them.



Mrs. Osmond.  John Banville.
This book takes off from the point that Henry James's Portrait of a Lady ended:  when Isabel Archer, now wife to Gilbert Osmond, is in England for the death of her cousin Ralph Touchett.  It takes a very confident and ambitious writer to extend a novel by Henry James, and John Banville is both.  Banville is not James, and it would probably be churlish to belabor that fact.  Instead, Banville gives us a 21st century take, revealing explicitly what James only suggests: the specific nature of Osmond's psychological sadism.   He also gives Isabel Archer a potent degree of agentivity, rescuing her from the passivity that bothers many readers of Portrait.  However, in some ways  her feminist strength and the female circumstances in which she is invited to live seem, if not anachronistic, perhaps a little blunt given the subtlety with which James has created her as a character.  Despite some quibbles, I recommend this to any James fan.



  


How to be Both.  Autumn.  Ali Smith.
I discovered Ali Smith this year and read these two books.  They are both stunning.  Smith is beautiful stylist (gorgeous sentences) as well as remarkably provocative at structuring novels that don't read much like anything you've read before.  Both have "plots," but it would be difficult to summarize them in any way that would do justice to the experience of reading one of her books.  She asks the reader to do a lot of the work of making sense of how the novel is constructed.  And to like her, you have to like this sort of thing.  Both are great.  Autumn is the first a planned quartet. 





Katalin Street. Magda Szabo.
Another, newly translated, novel by the great Hungarian novelist Magda Szabo.  This one concerns a group of people who live on Katalin Street in Buda and are displaced, first by World War II and then by the Soviets.  Melancholy and poignant.  I did a kind of companion blogpost based on a fortepan essay  here





A Long way from Home.  Peter Carey.
I love Peter Carey and the myriad ways he invents Australia.  This time the book is about a car race around the perimeter of Australia in 1954.  As husband and wife team Irene and Titch Bobs circumnavigate the continent, they learn a lot about their selves, their marriage, and the strange, dangerous and wonderful country they live in. 



The Only Story.  Julian Barnes. 
I also love Julian Barnes, and one of my favorites is The Sense of an Ending (2011).  This book is a kind of counterpart to the earlier one, as it records the story of a young man who falls in love with an older woman and who runs away with her to live together for many years.  If you have read The Sense of an Ending (which I have to say is the better book of the two) then you will know how they relate.  While this is not, to my mind, one of Barnes's very best, it is very good.  And very good Barnes is better than most of what I read.
                                                                    

 





The Counterlife.  Philip Roth.  Asymmetry.  Lisa Halliday. 
Philip Roth died in 2018.  For me, he was the greatest American writer of my lifetime.  I decided to read The Counterlife, one of his books I admired most and one which I had not read in several years.  I also read Lisa Halliday's Asymmetry, which is a book in some ways about and in response to Roth.  I wrote about both these books here.


The Garden of the Finzi-Continis.  Giorgio Bassani.
 Set in Ferrara during the years leading to World War II, this novel by the Italian writer Giorgio Bassani recounts the story of Jewish children and later adolescents in the years before World War II.  It centers around a young man, the narrator, who becomes friends with the fabulously wealthy Finzi-Contini family.  Although the families of the narrator and the Finzi-Continis share seats in the synagogue, there are class differences between them.  In the prologue we discover that almost none of the Finzi-Continis survived the war.  This rather astonishing book, published in 1962, examines with extreme subtlety the growing and waning  love affair between the Finzi-Contini daughter and the narrator, a relationship that is negotiated among class differences and the growing effects of the Racial Laws.  The movie was also wonderful.




History of Wolves.  Emily Fridlund.
A creepy but compulsively readable book about a young girl whose parents live on a failed commune in Minnesota.  Linda, the protagonist, comes to know a teacher who is accused of child pornography and a seemingly idyllic family who lives across the lake whose child she babysits.  No one, however, is who they seem to be.  And the resulting tension, particularly in relation to the family, mounts to an almost unbearable tragedy.  Short-listed for the Man-Booker Prize.  Also a debut novel.  



 Mrs. Engels.  Gavin McLeod.
I found this book this book on the long-list for the Booker Prize.  (Looking at prize long and sort lists is a good way to discover new novels.)  It's a fictional account of a real woman named Lizzie Burns who lived with Frederick Engels, first in Manchester, then London while he and Karl Marx were working together.  Burns was a worker in the Manchester cotton mills, functionally illiterate, but very intelligent.  Little is known of her or her sister Mary Burns, who was until her death Engel's lover.  Mary and Lizzie apparently helped Engels navigate the Manchester slums, an experience that led to The Condition of the Working Class in England.  It was interesting (and about something of which I knew almost nothing), and the character of Lizzie was well imagined.







The Marriage of Cadmus and Harmony.  Roberto Calasso.
This book has been on my shelf for quite a long time.  Calasso has been called a "literary institution of one."  His books are wide-ranging explorations of cultural moments and traditions, such as Hindu mythology, Tiepelo, Kafka, Paris in the second half of the nineteenth century, Nabokov, Vedic sacrifices--or as in The Marriage of Cadmus and Harmony, Greek mythology.  Drawing on an extraordinary number of classical sources, Calasso reads the patterns of Greek mythology, putting various stories together and in perspective to identify broad concerns of the Greeks.  It is the stories of Greek mythology as you have never considered them.  Written in a lyric and allusive style, this book tantalizes the reader.  It is a book you have to fall into.



The Witch Elm.  Tana French.
On a completely different note.  Tana French is famous for her books about a Dublin Murder Squad.  These books are loosely related but all are police procedurals and are very compelling.  French not only constructs intricate plots, she also writes very nice prose.  The Witch Elm,  her latest, is a stand-alone.  Although it involves a murder, it is not narrated from the point of view of the police.  Rather, the narrator is a young man named Toby who has recently been victimized in a vicious robbery and who unwittingly finds himself in the middle of the a police enquiry initiated by the discovery of a body in a tree at his uncle's house, where he is currently recuperating.  Toby, who previously considered himself very "lucky" (lots of friends, nice looking, great family, good job) is now undergoing a psychological breakdown as he tries to reconstruct his life and his sense of self.  Plunged into the middle of this murder investigation, and not always trusting his own memory, he is jumpy, nervous, scattered and perhaps paranoid.  It's quite a tour-de-force, and a challenging but fascinating job for the reader to live in this consciousness.  Once I started it, I couldn't put it down.   you,  


#BestBooks2018






Saturday, January 26, 2019

Vilnius: Two Religious Sites








Christmas holidays got in the middle of blogging, and I finally got around to the last of the Baltic cities we visited: Vilnius in Lithuania. Vilnius came at the end of the trip.  The weather had gotten increasingly cold and gray, we had gotten increasingly tired, and we were worried about the trip home because of a forecast of bad weather in NY.  So, all in all, I don't have as much to record and, because the light was so bad, my pictures aren't very good.

Vilnius is a city with many churches.  Most of them are Catholic; there is one Jewish synagogue.  This is a historic reversal from less than a hundred years ago when before World War II, Jews made up 45% of the population and there were more than 100 synagogues.  Most famous was the Great Synagogue which was partially destroyed by the Nazis, then razed by the Soviets.  Scientists are now trying to trace its foundations through some kind of radar technology with the goal of recreating a virtual copy.

Religious architecture in Vilnius spans roughly from the 15th century to the present.  Thus there are many styles of churches, from Gothic to Baroque to Historicist to Eclectic.  Instead of giving a parade of images, I'm going to show two buildings that that I found particularly interesting:  the Church of St Anne, which was built 1495-1500 in the Flamboyant Gothic (more particularly Brick Gothic) style, and the one standing synagogue left in Vilnius, the Choral Synagogue, built in 1903 in the Moorish style.    





The Church of St. Anne.  This flamboyantly Gothic cathedral is constructed entirely in red brick.  
Apparently (this was news to me), there is a specific style of Gothic architecture called (fittingly) Brick Gothic, which is found in Northwest and Central Europe, particularly around the Baltic Sea, where there is not a lot of standing rocks.  As you can see, the building is extraordinarily detailed and complex, and all this is achieved by intricate layering of brick.















The interior is primarily decorated with wood.






According to legend, Napoleon saw the church in 1812 during the Franco-Prussian war and expressed a wish to take it home to Paris "in the palm of his hand."





The Choral Synagogue.  This small building, Vilnius's only surviving synagogue, is still in use by its small congregation.  It was built  in 1903 by Dovydas Rosenhauzas.  

 





 Art Nouveau synagogue is built inn the "Moorish" style, as were many turn-of--the century European synagogues, which were looking for a style that would indicate they were something "other" than Christian.












#Vilnius
#ChurchOfStAnne
#ChoralSynagogue


Friday, January 25, 2019

Riga Art Nouveau IV: The Perpendicular Style



The fourth (and last!) category of Riga "Art Nouveau" is the Perpendicular or Rational Perpendicular style.

The "pronounced vertical composition of the elevations. . . became [by 1908] the most characteristic features of Riga Art Nouveau."  These perpendicular buildings "found an ideal of rationalism in structural expressiveness.  (Krastins)

Galvin's apartment house with shops.  Brivibas  Iela 57, 1909, J. Alksnis






Krastins:  "A typical Riga rational Art Nouveau building featuring a vigorous vertical pattern of the elevation (the 'Perpendicular Art Nouveau')."  There are a few ornamental details, but the predominant features of the building are the bays and windows.





J. Romans's apartment house, Skolas Iela 32 (at corner of Stabu Iela), 1904, J. Peksens




Krastins:  "Rational Art Nouveau features ornamental work characteristic of the early development of the style."  (This is one that reminds me most of Vienna Secession.)












N. Draudzina-Steinberga's building, Gertrudas Iela 32, 1909-1911, E. Lande.






I don't have as many pictures of these "Perpendicular Art Nouveau" buildings because, frankly, they didn't interest me as much.  Also, there were so many of them, and I don't know enough to distinguish what's good and what's mediocre.  It seems to me the verticality and the rationality are reminiscent of Vienna Secession, though I have no idea of how much direct influence there was.  At any rate, for me, they don't sing of Art Nouveau, as I learned to love it first in Romania--in Timisoara, Targu Mires, and Oradea, where I saw their Hungarian legacy--then in Hungary, most particularly Budapest, as well as also Szeged and Kecskamet; later in Subotica (now in Serbia), as well as Vienna, Krakow, and Prague.

The very last building we saw in Riga is a kind of Art Nouveau fantasy, and it sits in the midst of the more austere neighbors.  It is perpendicular, but it is also a kind of Historicist-Art Nouveau extravaganza.

M. Liepins's apartment house with shops, Blaumana Ielsa 28, 1903, K. Felsko.



It is apparently the only one of Felsko's buildings to have Art Nouveau ornamental elements, including masks, lions heads, and dragons.











Next week we will return to Budapest for a month, and I will have lots to blog about including not only architecture, but also food and music.  And we are planning a few side trips to small cities in Hungary we haven't visited before.  Onwards. . . .

#Riga
#RigaArchitecture
#RigaArtNouveau
#RigaPerpendicularStyle